What Are the Main Benefits of Immigration to the United States of America

What Are the Main Benefits of Immigration to the United States of America? When the question is about immigration, usually it is related to movement of people from one country to the other one. To talk about the Unites States of America, the notion of immigration is highly-debated in different areas, especially in the political one. For a long time, immigrants were the ones who created the history of the whole country. The United States of America is the country, which was founded by immigrants long time ago, but even nowadays a great number of people still flock here. Why do they come? They are looking for political freedom and an opportunity to achieve the aims they failed to achieve at home. No matter what, the USA is still the land of opportunities. Among the reasons why people prefer to live in the United States of America is the one that they are planning to make up a successful marriage which is quite possible. They are looking for better employment. The majority of immigrants agree to change their place of living in order to forget about poverty and leave behind unemployment in their mother countries. They hope to find better fortune elsewhere than at home. One of the main beneficial factors which causes immigration of millions of people is the education factor. People want to study at the corruption-free good colleges and universities and they are able to do that in America. To talk about illegal immigrants, in the United States of America they get an opportunity to earn more money, than at their homelands and have relatively better life style. To cut the long story short, it would be better to name the basic and the most important factors, which attract people to go to the USA and make living in this country much more beneficial, than in their motherland: political liberty, religious broadmindedness, better economical opportunities, high standard educational level.

The Cause and Effects of the Great Depression Essay

Many people speculate that the stock market crash of 1929 was the main cause of The Great Depression. In fact, The Great Depression was caused by a series of factors, and the effects of the depression were felt for many years after the stock market crash of 1929. By looking at the stock market crash of 1929, bank failures, reduction of purchasing, American economic policy with Europe, and drought conditions, it becomes apparent that The Great Depression was caused by more than just the stock market crash. The effects were detrimental beyond the financial crisis experienced during this time period. The first and most obvious known factor in the development of The Great Depression is the stock market crash of 1929. The Money Alert website†¦show more content†¦The banking industry as a whole after the stock market crashed was going bankrupt due to not being able to carry the â€Å"bad debt† that was created from using customer money to buy stock. Because the banks were out of money, they were unable to cover customer withdrawals from their bank, causing many bank customers to lose all of their savings. With the uncertainty of the future of the banking industry, many people withdrew all of their savings, which caused more than 9,000 banks to close their doors and go out of business (Kelly). Due to the effects of the Great Depression, and the collapse of the banking industry, the government created regulations to prevent similar failure in the future. For Example, the SEC, (or Securities Exchange Commission), which regulates the sell and trade of stocks, bonds and other investments was created as a result of The Great Depression. The FDIC (or Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation), was created to insure bank accounts so that that the consumer would be protected if the bank were to go out of business (Kelly). The Great Depressions effect on the banking industry led to many useful changes to the banking industry and helped restore confidence in banks in the American people. The next major factor that contributed to the Great Depression was the reduction of goods being purchased during the time period. After the stock market crashed, consumers fromShow MoreRelatedCause and Effects of the Great Depression4210 Words   |  17 PagesThe Causes and Effects of The Great Depression In America Few Americans in the first months of 1929 saw any reason to question the strength and stability of the nations economy. Most agreed with their new president that the booming prosperity of the years just past would not only continue but increase, and that dramatic social progress would follow in its wake. We in America today, Herbert Hoover had proclaimed in August 1928, are nearer to the final triumph over poverty than ever beforeRead MoreCauses and Effects of The Great Depression in the United States1238 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Depression is a defining moment in time for not only American, but world history. This was a time that caused political, economical, and social unrest. Not only did the Great Depression cause a world wide panic, it also caused a world wide crisis unlike any before it. This paper will analyze both the causes and the effects of the Great Depression in the United States of America. One cause of the depression is the effects of World War One. World War one had many devastating effects on countriesRead MoreThe Great Depression Of The 1930s Essay1689 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal Crisis of 2008 in Comparison to the Great Depression of the 1930s Introduction The economic crisis’ of the 1930s and 2000s greatly impacted the United Sates (U.S) and the world. 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The Global Crisis on the other hand, was aRead MoreThe Causes of Canadas Great Depression of 1929-1939 Essay1679 Words   |  7 Pagesclosest to him heard. â€Å"It’s all gone.†# The term ‘Great Depression’ according to Kristin Brennan evokes black-and-white images of thin men in threadbare suits and worn-out shoes selling five-cent apples on city streets, of â€Å"grim-faced women lined up three deep to collect bread and milk at relief stations.†# The Great Depression of the 1930s was a devastating time toward many Canadians, where the collapse of the stock market was t he beginning of the Depression, a period of severe economic and social hardshipRead MoreDepression Essay : Depression : The Causes Of Depression893 Words   |  4 PagesDepression Depression affects many people in today’s society for a number of reasons. Depression is a serious disorder, numerous people are affected by it. However, there are places to go that give help that people with depression need. To begin, depression is a disorder that affects a great deal of people. According to Mayo Clinic, â€Å"Depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest† (â€Å"Overview,† n.d.). There are many causes to why people have depressionRead MoreMajor Depression And Its Effects On Social Involvement1565 Words   |  7 PagesMajor Depression Depression is one of the most common therapeutic topics. There are many effects that lead to major depression and thus require distinctive therapy methods. It is a mood disorder that is associated with the body, emotions and thoughts (Hoeksema and rector, 2011). In order for a person to be diagnosed with major depression, they must show at least 4 symptoms from any of the 4 categories; such as mood changes, cognitive changes, physical changes, and behavior changes; and must haveRead MoreDepression : Cause, Causes And Effects Of Depression1116 Words   |  5 Pagessweating and dizziness. Anxiety may cause physical exhaustion and general ill health. Effects of depression When someone is found in such a condition the primary effects observed are the various signs and symptoms caused by a particular situation, thought, physical state, emotions or actions which brought about the depression. The effects of depression are mostly observed in the physical state as the symptoms portrays on the person who is in a depressed state. Depression can result into condition whichRead MoreCauses of The Great Depression Essay701 Words   |  3 Pages Imagine a society where over 25% of the population was unemployed. That is what it reached during The Great Depression (â€Å"The Great Depression†). During the depression unemployment rates were the highest they have ever been. It is highly speculated to this day on what exactly caused The Great Depression. Most historians agree it was a chain of events, one after another, that brought our country into chaos. Some events were more impactful than others. These events caused pandemonium amongRead MoreExploring Causes of The Great Depression Essay522 Words   |  3 PagesExploring Causes of The Great Depression Introduction The Wall Street crash of 29 Oct 1929 and the Great Depression that followed were such a shock to most Americans that some early attempts to explain their causes blamed sunspot activity or medieval prophecy. A few held it to be divine retribution on a people who had indulged themselves in a decade of hedonism after World War I and were due for a sobering experience. Others recognized that the 1920s had brought Read MoreThe Great Depression : The Fall Of A Nation1701 Words   |  7 PagesCollin Brunton Ms. Biondi English II 3 March 2015 The Great Depression: The Fall of a Nation The Great Depression was a hard time for America. The name fits like a glove because it was, in fact a depression. 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The Chi Square Test Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

1.a. The statistical trial that would be run to look into whether the difference in attending rates between the different classs of patients was statistically important is the Chi-square trial. We will write a custom essay sample on The Chi Square Test Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Chi-square is appropriate because it assumes the homogeneousness of informations distribution between categorical variables, and where differences in such distributions arise, it tests the significance. Chi-square assumes that variables are independent ( its nothing hypothesis ) , and that informations are indiscriminately collated instead than being assigned from a fixed population as in this instance. The appreciably big sample size is besides a warrant for the truth of Chi-square trial. 1.b. At the clip of directing the invitations, the GPs had expected equal figure of patients to go to for each of the classs, therefore taking to the void hypothesis ( premise of independency ) that there is no important difference in the rate of attending for each of the groups represented in the survey. However, the observations were tested between the 2678 invited patients, who were grouped based on their Sexual activity ( Males and Females ) , Age ( 35-44 old ages, 45-54 old ages, and 55-64 old ages ) , Smoking position ( Smokers and Non-smokers ) , Body weight ( Obesed and Not obesed ) , and Diet Scores ( 1,2,3, and 4 for Best, Good, Bad, Worst scores severally ) . The consequences are shown on the affiliated PASW end product ( Tables 1.1-1.5, and Fig. 1.1-1.5 ) . Table 1.1a shows the crosstabulation end product of the attending in males and females. Harmonizing to the tabular array, males ( 987 ) were less likely to go to than females ( 1218 ) , and were every bit good more likely non to go to ( 262 ) , than the females ( 211 ) . Chi-square trial ( Table 1.1b ) confirm that there is a important ( X2=17.68, df=1, Fisher ‘s P A ; lt ; 0.05 ) . In Table 1.2a, attending tend to change between the age groups in the order of 812, 732, and 661 for those with 35-44, 45-54, and 55-64 old ages groups. However, there is no association ( X2=2.074, df=2, P A ; gt ; 0.05 ) between such variableness in attending to the age differences. Table 1.3a-b shows the response of tobacco users and non-smokers to invitation. More non-smokers ( 1583 ) than expected were in attending, while lesser figure of tobacco users ( 622 ) attended. On the other manus, more tobacco users ( 208 ) were likely non to go to than non-smokers ( 265 ) , giving the standardized residuary value of 5.1 and -3.4 severally. A significantly higher ( X2=45.263, df=1, P A ; lt ; 0.05 ) attending rate was observed for the non-smokers compared the tobacco users. This is consequence is besides supported by really high likeliness and linear-by-linear association as shown in Table 1.3b. Table 1.4a-b is the crosstabulation of the association of attending with organic structure weight. The consequence shows that organic structure weight determined that rate of attending of the patients. Therefore, the obesed patients were less ( X2=10.2, df=1, P A ; lt ; 0.05 ) probably to go to ( 197 ) compared with the ‘not obesed ‘ patients ( 2008 ) . Table 1.5a-b compared the attending rate of patients holding different dietetic tonss. The result revealed a likeliness of attending in the order of 1 ( 632 ) A ; gt ; 3 ( 564 ) A ; gt ; 2 ( 541 ) , and 4 ( 468 ) . This order of attending by patients of different dietetic mark was found to be important ( X2=38.259, df=3, P A ; lt ; 0.05 ) . 1.c. Sexual activity, smoking position, organic structure weight and diet mark affect the rate of attending of patients in response to invitation by GPs in Manchester. Thus, on the footing of sex, more females are likely to react to an invitation than males. Besides, more non-smokers and ‘not obesed ‘ are likely to go to than tobacco users and obesed severally. On the footing of diet tonss, patients with diet mark of 1 were more likely to go to than those of mark 3, who were every bit good more likely to go to than those on 2. the latter group are more likely to go to than those on 4. A critical expression of the result of this survey could uncover some implicit in grounds for the important consequences. It could be that males, tobacco users, and obesed were afraid of returning to the infirmary as they think a wellness cheque could uncover some upseting medical conditions or that they were non satisfied with the quality of wellness attention services they had received. For those who attended, it might be that they are funny about cognizing to what extent their conditions would hold improved. The ascertained differences in the rates of attending between the age groups were statistically non important. This is to state that the GPs expected the figure of patients who attended for each age group to go to, while besides being cognizant that the figure of patients who did non go to, would besides non hold attended. Therefore, whether or non patients responded to the invitation is independent ( non influenced ) by their age groups. In drumhead, these findings could pave manner for farther probes into unknoting some of the grounds why those who attended did so and frailty versa. 1.d. My reading of the informations will be that the void hypothesis ( premise of independency ) merely holds true if the age groups of the patients is to be considered when ask foring them, otherwise, the rate of attending or response to invitation is mostly associated with the sex, smoking position, organic structure weight, and diet mark of the patients. 1.e. The consequence of this survey will assist the GPs in Manchester in planning ; given them an penetration on which of the classs of the patient ‘s population that should have more attending during subsequent invitations. For case, since the patient ‘s response to invitation is independent on the age groups, the GPs may make up one’s mind non to see that class in subsequent invitation since there is non likely to do any difference. On the other manus, if an invitation is to be sent based on their sex, organic structure weight, smoke, and diet mark differences, the GPs would hold to take excess steps, including reexamining their services and stepping up enlightenment, if they are to guarantee that every bit many as are invited would go to. ANSWER TO QUESTION 2 One-way analysis of discrepancy ( ANOVA ) will be most suited for finding whether increased nanotube concentration causes increased tensile strength, This is because, ANOVA tests for the grade of variableness between the mean of quantitative informations ( herein represented by the Tensile strength ) that were independently and indiscriminately sampled from group variables ( samples treated with 5 % , 10 % , 15 % , and 20 % nanotube concentrations ) . The premise is that there is homogeneousness of discrepancies and that increasing nanotube concentration does non ( void hypothesis ) have any consequence on tensile strength. Some steps ( see attached PASW Output Tables 2.1-2 ) have been taken to guarantee that these informations do conform with the premises of ANOVA, hence its suitableness. Normality: appraisal of the symmetricalness ( lopsidedness ) and its bunch around the mean ( kurtosis ) was done foremost by utilizing the values in the descriptive end product. As a regulation of the pollex, divergence from normalcy can be assumed if the lopsidedness is by far larger than its standard mistake. Here both of the lopsidedness ( -0.223 ) and kurtosis ( -0.476 ) , though negative, are good near to zero and rather smaller than their standard mistake of 0.472 and 0.918 severally. Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk trials ( Table 2.3 ) both uphold the premise that the informations are usually distributed, and are supported by the mentality of the histogram, Normal Q-Q secret plans, and box secret plans. The premise of homogeneousness of the discrepancies was every bit good confirmed utilizing the Levene statistics, which accepts the void hypothesis that the discrepancies are equal ( P A ; gt ; 0.05 ) . Looking at the standard divergence and standard mistake for the several group, it could be seen that there is an overall lessening of fluctuation in tensile strength as the nanotube concentration increased. This is besides supported by the mean secret plan ( Fig. 2.4 ) . Finally, to look into farther for this suggested influence ( see Fig. 2.4 ) , the F-test on the ANOVA tabular array is used. The consequence shows that there is a important ( P A ; lt ; 0.05 ) difference between the mean tensile strength of the different samples treated at different nanotube concentrations. This implies that the obtained F-test is higher than the critical value in F-distribution tabular array Because ANOVA can merely place differences in sample mean between groups without foregrounding where precisely the differences lie, it is imperative that the Post-hoc trial ( e.g. Least important difference as in this survey ) be used to observe which of the group means differ. The Post-hoc LSD was discretionarily chosen and it revealed that though the average difference between samples treated with 10 % and 15 % nanotube concentrations were non important ( P A ; gt ; 005 ) , other group means differed ( P A ; lt ; 0.05 ) between each other and even with 10 % and 15 % samples. Decision: Increasing nanotube concentration gives a important addition in tensile strength. ANSWER TO QUESTION 3 The hypothesis tested here is that the drug Captopril has a important consequence ( may be higher or lower ) on the systolic and diastolic force per unit area in the reasonably hypertensive topics. The corresponding void hypothesis is that Captopril does non hold any consequence on the systolic or diastolic blood force per unit area degree. Therefore, the void hypothesis suggests that the average difference of the ‘before ‘ and ‘after ‘ intervention systolic and diastolic blood force per unit area will be severally zero. The ideal statistical method here is paired T-test. Paired T-test enables the comparing of differences ( if any ) in population agencies of observations made for each instance both before and after they are being subjected to a trial. The trial aims to understate, and if possible eliminate external mistakes or interventions that could take to false positive ( type I error ) or false negative ( type II mistake ) consequences. Premises Independence: This survey involves two wholly separate groups ( systolic and diastolic blood force per unit area group ) . It is worthy to foreground that both groups are non in any manner related to each other, therefore alterations in any one of them is non expected to act upon the other. Besides, the premise of independency is supported by the fact that there is no interaction between the before and after agencies as the latter is merely expected to be due to the consequence of the drug. Normal distribution: Premise of normal distribution and equal discrepancy is confirmed in the descriptive statistics, every bit good as the box secret plans. All instances of ‘before ‘ and ‘after ‘ intervention for the two classs, have really little lopsidedness and kurtosis, with the latter falling a spot outside -1 for the ‘before ‘ systolic diastolic ( see Table 3.1 ) . However, the Normal Q-Q secret plans for each of the instance shows some normal distribution, which is besides supported by the box secret plans. The two outliers on the opposite sides of the ‘after -treatment ‘ diastolic blood force per unit area has been ignored, giving that the lopsidedness ( 0.191 ) and kurtosis ( -0.341 ) are within acceptable scopes ( See Table 3.2 ) , and that Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk are both continuing that the instances in the before and after groups are usually distributed. It is worthy to advert that attending is non given to pr ove for homogeneousness of discrepancy as Paired t-test is non really rigorous on equality and non-equality of discrepancies. Testing for the consequence of Capoten on blood force per unit areas The result of trial is attached as PASW end product ( Tables 3.4-3.6 ) . Table 3.4 displays the mean, standard divergence, and standard mistake for each of the classs. Ocular analysis shows that intervention with Capoten caused a bead in systolic blood force per unit area to 158.20+20 mmHg from 176.93+20.57 mmHg, while diastolic blood force per unit area besides reduced to 103.07+12.55 mmHg from 112.33+10.47 mmHg. However, it remains unknown, if this bead is statistically meaningful or non. The mated sample trial ( Table 3.5 ) shows that non merely did the systolic and diastolic force per unit areas bead by 18.93 mmHg, and 9.26 mmHg severally, the autumn was really important ( P A ; lt ; 0.05 ) . It besides shows that merely a standard divergence of up to 9.02 mmHg and 8.61 mmHg, every bit good as the assurance intervals of 13.93-23.93 mmHg and 4.5-14.04 mmHg for the average difference in systolic and diastolic severally. It is merely within this limits that subsequent trial consequences to be assumed to be accurate. Finally, a correlativity ( see Table 3.6 ) of the mated agencies revealed an about absolutely consistent and unvarying autumn in both systolic ( r=0.901, P A ; lt ; 0.05 ) and diastolic ( r=0.734, P A ; lt ; 0.05 ) blood force per unit area, after the topics were treated with Capoten. Decision: The consequence of this survey solidly rejects the void hypothesis ( statement of no consequence ) , and accepts the alternate hypothesis which states that Capoten affects blood force per unit area. In these braces, the consequence is a important decrease in systolic and diastolic blood force per unit area after disposal of Capoten. ANSWER TO QUESTION 4 Having noted the qualitative variable ( sexual activity ) that should move as an account for response variable ( longevity/lifespan ) , a one-way ANOVA was used to research the extent of association between the two variables. Sexual activity was used to group the males ( n=125 ) into 25 per group of those life: entirely 1 receptive female ( RF ) 8 receptive females 1 non-receptive female ( NRF ) 8 non-receptive females. a, vitamin D, and vitamin E are controls. Normality of length of service distribution was assumed, given the visual aspect of the histogram, and supported by the lopsidedness and kurtosis as shown in Table 4a. II. Levene trial for homogeneousness of discrepancies confirmed the premise of equal discrepancy. The consequence from ANOVA shows that there is important difference ( p A ; lt ; 0.05 ) in the average length of service of the males as grouped. The mean secret plan shows a diminution in the lifetime of males who live with either 1 or 8 receptive females. Therefore, a multiple comparing was made to happen out whether the ascertained diminution was important. The result revealed that the lifetime of the controls ( 63.56, 64.80, and 63.36 yearss for males populating entirely, with 1 NRF, and 8 NRF severally ) , were significantly higher ( p A ; lt ; 0.05 ) than that of those populating with either 1 ( 56.76 yearss ) or 8 ( 38.72 yearss ) receptive females. There was besides an ascertained difference ( p A ; lt ; 0.05 ) between the length of service of males populating with 1 receptor and those populating with 8 receptors. The findings in this survey suggest that the sexual activities of male fruitflies has impact on their length of service, such that the more receptive females they live with, the lesser their lifetime. 4b. To hold a broader position of whether sleep and/or organic structure size have impacts on lifetime, multiple linear ( enter ) arrested development was used. Normality of the distribution was confirmed utilizing histogram and Normal P-P secret plans of Regression Standardized residuary, while the spread secret plan showed that the distribution is random. Furthermore, matrix spread diagram appears to propose a additive association, particularly with length of thorax ) implying that a additive relationship exist between any of the variables and length of service. The theoretical account has a singular correlativity ( R=0.638 ) with a little criterion mistake of estimation ( 13.641 ) , and the F ( 41.787 ) for the arrested development is important ( p A ; lt ; 0.05 ) , therefore corroborating that the theoretical account is tolerably additive. The coefficient of correlativity shows that there is important correlativity ( r=0.636, P A ; lt ; 0.01 between the lifetime and length of t horax, while no important correlativity exist between lifetimes and yearss spent kiping. In decision, lessening in length of service is associated with addition in the figure of receptive female life with a male fruitfly. On the other manus, length of service of male fruitflies increases with an addition in their thorax length, but is non affected by the figure of yearss they spend kiping. How to cite The Chi Square Test Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

The Modern World free essay sample

This paper looks at different ways that people become molded into and eventually accepted into society. This paper compares and contrasts the themes of acceptance and inclusion in society that are found in Michel Foucaults book, Power/Knowledge and Richard Rodriguezs, Hunger of Memory. Richard Rodriguez is a Spanish-speaking immigrant who broke the bonds of poverty and became an accepted member of wealthy upper-class and Michel Foucault is a a homosexual who broke the stereotypes to become successfully accepted into society. These two writers put forward the theories that there is an actual process involved in becoming part of society that is separate and distinct from what you receive in your individual family units. Indeed, his most famous book, Hunger of Memory, is precisely about the way in which an individual can reclaim himself (or herself). This autobiographical book is structured in many ways as a travelogue, as the story of the journey that Rodriguez takes from his first schoolroom in Sacramento, which he enters speaking only a few words of English, to the reading room of the British Museum, an icon not only of the powers of the white establishment but also of a certain kind of intellectual power, a place where people whose ideas matter work. We will write a custom essay sample on The Modern World or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Organizational Culture and Incentives at Lincoln Electric free essay sample

1. Introduction: An overview of the case study Lincoln Electric is a leading manufacturer of welding products, welding equipment, and electric motors, with more than US$1 billion in sales and 6,000 workers worldwide. Although now publicly traded, members of the Lincoln family still own more than 60 percent of the stock. Lincoln Electric’s tradition of innovative solutions, technological leadership and commitment to customers, employees, and shareholders stems from the vision of its founder, John C. Lincoln and his brother, James F. Lincoln. Lincoln Electric has a very successful management system that other businesses benchmark their own systems by it. For years, other companies have tried to figure out how management coaxes maximum productivity and quality from its workers, even during difficult financial times. The Lincoln system succeeds largely because of an organizational culture based on openness and trust, shared control, and an egalitarian spirit. Although the line between managers and workers is firmly drawn, managers respect the expertise of production workers and value their contributions to many aspects of the business. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Culture and Incentives at Lincoln Electric or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The company has an open-door policy for all top executives, middle managers, and production workers, and regular face-to-face communication is encouraged. Lincolns system worked so well in the US that management decided to extend it overseas. Lincoln built or purchased 11 plants in Japan, South America, and Europe with plans to run the plants from the US using Lincolns expertise with management control systems. Managers saw the opportunity to beat local competition by applying manufacturing control incentive systems to reduce costs and raise production. The results were abysmal and nearly sunk the company. Production and financial goals were not met. The huge losses in the international plants meant that the company would have to borrow money to pay US workers bonuses, or forego bonuses, for the first time, in Lincoln history. Management wondered whether the Lincoln Management System could be transferred to other countries. 2. S. W. O. T Analysis Strength Organizational Culture Everybody in company treated Equally whereby there is no special car parking area for managers and top management executives ,everybody will use the same cafeteria for breakfast or lunch and lastly they practicing open-door policy in the organization Any GAINS in Productivity will be shared with Consumers low Price Employee Higher Pay Shareholders- High Dividend Incentive Scheme Pay according to number pieces produced and enable the workers to gain more wages than the other welding company workers throughout the United states. In addition, these incentives system indirectly heightened the sense of ownership among the plant workers and it’s encouraging them to produce more quality product within the timeframe. Lincoln main strength is Lowest cost structure and High level of productivity strategy Weakness Long working Hours According to the labor law in US or any other countries ,the acceptable working hours for manufacturing company workers is (35 hours per week ) whereas Lincoln electric practicing (43-58 hours per week ). No Base salary when there is no base salary, most of the workers will feel uncomfortable to work in that kind of organization. For instance, if the worker couldn’t work for 43 to 58 hours per week, he or she might low wage than others and how that person would manage the cost of living in United States with that low wage. Opportunity It was told by foreign distributor that American equipment will not sell good in Europe So instead company decides to set up the Wholly owned subsidiaries and acquisition to make the Equipment locally to capture the international market. E. g. Lincoln acquired 7 manufacturer in Europe and Mexico It takes 2 years to implement or change the entire company workers to follow and adopt the Lincoln organization culture and incentives system in Mexico. Threats Political In many Europe and Asian countries the government considered piecework as Exploitative compensation system which force employers to work harder, therefore in Germany the strategy doesn’t work well. Society As stated in weakness part, the long working hours became threat when Lincoln implement the strategy in Other countries because it is not acceptable since labor law limit the working hours 35 hours per week Technical Managers have no experience of work outside US and the local managers also felt reluctant to implement the culture of Lincoln in the Unit. Legal Due to many lawsuit against the organizational culture and incentive systems of Lincoln ‘s foreign acquired companies 3. Case Discussion Questions 1. What is the source of Lincoln’s long-standing competitive advantage in the United States market for arc welding equipment? Lincoln’s Electric long-standing competitive advantage in the United State market achieved by a high productivity rate per worker and this company success had been on extremely high level of employee productivity. Lincoln’s Electric apply incentive scheme based on piecework. The workers receive no based salary but depend on the number of pieces they produce. The piecework rates at the company enable an employee working at a normal pace to earn an income equivalent to the average rage for manufacturing worker in the area where the factory is based. A company faces a quality aspect when it comes to incentive scheme based on piecework. But at Lincoln Electric’s the worker must repair or paid back any piecework that have defect. It means the workers must be responsible for their outputs. The work culture in Lincoln Electric’s is one of the attributor. The company had a strong respect for the ability of the individual. Moreover, in this company, they practicing open-door policy whereby the communication barriers between ‘workers’ and ‘managers’ were eliminated. All workers are treated equally despite of their position. Since 1934, production workers have been awarded a semiannual bonus based on merit ratings. These rating are based on; Objective criteria; example: employee’s level and quality of output. Subjective criteria; example: employee’s attitude toward cooperation and his or her dependability. This semiannual bonus motivates workers to perform better and work harder, resulting boost in productivity. Despite high employee compensation, the worker so productive than Lincoln has a lower cost than its competitors. 2. Why did Lincoln enter foreign markets through acquisitions and Greenfield ventures, rather than through exporting? The Lincoln Electric’s did consider expanding into international market by exporting, but was told by foreign distributor that American equipment would not sell well in Europe. So instead the company decides to set up wholly owned subsidiaries and acquisitions to make the equipment locally. Through acquisition, it was a quick way to execute. The company can rapidly build its presence in this targeted foreign market. Lincoln acquired seven arc welding manufacturers in Europe and one in Mexico. This move is the quickest way to make the equipment locally and introduce their product to the local market. Acquisition may be less risky because acquisition provides a set of assets that are producing a known revenue and profit stream. It also acquires valuable information such as manager’s knowledge about the local market environment. Greenfield ventures gives the company a much greater ability to built the kind of subsidiary company that it wants. The backbone of Lincoln Electric’s success lies in its strong organization culture and a unique set of incentives. Thus, by applying Greenfield ventures can be much easier for Lincoln to build that organization. It is to change the culture of an acquired unit 3. Why did Lincoln’s foreign ventures fail to deliver the gains forecast? The Lincoln may have overlooked the organizations cultural differences when the company decided to acquire the seven arc welding manufacturers in Europe and one in Mexico. When the company acquires these arc welding manufacturers, Lincoln left local managers in place, believing that they knew local conditions better. But there have been told to imply Lincoln’s strong organizational culture and introduce its incentive system in acquired companies. Local managers had little working knowledge about Lincoln’s organizational culture and were unable or unwilling to impose that culture on their unit, which had their own long-established organizational culture. The incentive system or work pieces were a problem to imply to it’s newly acquiring companies. The piecework was viewed as an exploitive compensation system that forces employees to work harder in other countries. The strong organizational culture and the incentive system were the main reason why Lincoln Electric’s stand up upon other competitors. If these two elements cannot be imply or used in their newly acquire companies, this must be the reason why Lincoln’s foreign ventures fail to deliver the gain forecasted. 4. In retrospect, what might Lincoln have done differently to avoid the financial crisis it found itself in? Before investing to a foreign country, Lincoln must first in vestige the foreign countries law relating to worker and working conditions. Also the company must know the foreign culture; it might be organizational culture or life culture itself. Then decide what entry made is the most suitable for the company. When it comes to Lincoln Electrical, where strong organizational culture and incentive system were the backbone of it success, the most possible entry mode is through Greenfield. Greenfield ventures give a much greater ability to build the kind of subsidiary company that it wants. Lincoln can introduce it organizational culture and incentive systems without a clash with another culture or system. While this strategy takes more time to execute, it yields greater long-run returns than the acquisition strategy. 5. What lessons can be gleaned from the Mexican venture? International managers should understand better about the foreign culture that the company wants to invest in. Before foreign instruments are made, the company must understand fully about its culture and laws. The local managers should be train or paid a visit to the successful factories in the America. They should be taught about the culture and the incentive system. Then the managers can imply these to the factories in their own country. The culture can change slowly if truly it is a good culture. Worker can accept it if it more beneficial to them. The incentives systems are proven to make the worker more productive and make the worker earn more. 4. Recommendation There are three ways to solve the company’s current on whether to expand Lincoln business into international market or not such as Human Resources Management, Culture and Policy and Communication . Based on the case study, through Human resources management, could bring an end to this issue whereby recruit foreign talents into US headquarters to adopt the culture and once they feel confident, they will be transfer to their home country to oversee the Lincoln’s acquired companies. Moreover, HRM should recruit more degree holder so that could balance between experienced based managers and knowledge based managers in the organization in order to avoid the agency problem. Apart from that, training is also plays vital role to overcome the lack of international business knowledge of fresh graduates who hired as managers. Nevertheless, Lincoln’s management should create new department called ‘culture and policy ‘ in headquarters and also in acquired companies around Europe and Asia countries. This department main objective should be on understanding the culture, behavior, law, politics intervention, economy, labor law policies and also the market research about a country where Lincoln prefer or desire to expand the business. Last but not least, communication also an important factor for international business whereby create new channel among the branches and offices in order to update the current situation in the acquired companies, if they found anything goes wrong ,the US headquarters would take immediate action it. Higher the foreign talents and local talents hired, more will be the solution, ideas, suggestion and strategies will be introduce, therefore, it will be easier for Lincoln to expand the business into international market and will sustain for longer term.

The Effect of Divided Government on the Rally-Round-the-Flag Phenomenon Essay Example

The Effect of Divided Government on the Rally The Effect of Divided Government on the Rally-Round-the-Flag Phenomenon Paper The Effect of Divided Government on the Rally-Round-the-Flag Phenomenon Paper Nicole Dambra PSC412 Professor Johnson April 29, 2010 Abstract: The concept that public approval of the President increases during times of international crisis is known as the Rally around the Flag phenomenon. Divided government lessens the Presidents accountability, by allowing the president to pass blame to the majority party in the legislative branch. The President attains higher levels of approval from rallies during divided government due to three factors. First, there are higher levels of opposition party criticisms prior to a crisis. Secondly, media outlets disproportionably cover opposition party elites statements supporting he President. Lastly, opposition party statements in support of the President are a very powerful influence on the public. Public approval is important because it increases the power of the President in many aspects of the political arena. Presidential public approval plays a role in members of the presidents party being elected into opening congressional seats (Marra and Ostrom 1989). Presidential popularity has also been linked to the successful policy initiation from the president (Rivers and Rose 1985), and less reversed presidential vetoes (Rohde and Simon 1985). Popular presidents have more persuasive power mongst members of Congress, and are more likely to present bold and ambitious legislative packages to Congress (Baker and Oneal). Popular Presidents have more options and freedom to enact their political agendas with less resistance from Congress (Baker and Oneal). Since public approval is so valuable to the President, the rally-around-the-flag phenomenon is worthy of further research. The notion that a president can elicit a surge of patriotism and public approval for his administration and its policies during an international crisis is known as the rally around the flag effect (Mueller 1970). This phenomenon was supported by empirical research (Kernell 1978; Mueller 1970). More recent studies have cast doubt on some aspects of the rally effect (Brody 1991). The political aspects that explain the origin of the rally-around-the-flag phenomenon lead me to question if periods of divided government effect the size of a rally. Previous Literature There are three prevailing schools of thought that explain Presidential Approval Ratings. The first is that Presidential Approval will inevitably decrease throughout the term. Presidential approval is not a constant decrease, so this theory does not ompletely explain approval trends. The second school of thought claims that presidents are constantly evaluated on their abilities to fulfill the expectations of the electorate. Public approval fluctuates in response to inflation and rates of unemployment, battle deaths during periods of war, levels of international tension, and the success of the presidents legislative agenda. This theory expects the electorate to be sophisticated and informed, which is not the case. The third is the President will do anything to prevent the decay of public approval. This theory is here the rally around the flag phenomenon plays an important role. There are two approaches to explaining the cause of a rally, patriotism and opinion leadership. The Patriotism Model claims that in times of foreign crisis, the public will unconditionally support the president. The fact is that there are many examples of public reaction such as individual rally events, threats, demonstrations, or use of force which do not routinely result in a boost of the presidents popularity. If the cause of a rally is intensified sense of patriotism, events that most gravely threaten he nations political, economic and strategic interests will be the most likely to induce a rally. However, higher levels of hostility have only limited effects on the size of the rally in presidential popularity (Baker and Oneal). When the United States is engaged in a militarized disputes for a prolonged period of time, the presidential approval decreases. This could be evidence of public fear of a successful exit or that the US is overstretching itself. This decrease in public approval does indicate that support is not blind, and the fact that militarized disputes with cold war rivals did not roduce significant rallies sheds further doubt on the patriotism hypothesis (Baker and Oneal). The Opinion Leadership Model states that the political environment in which international crises develop often prohibits the public from access to traditional sources of information which are available during normal periods. This inability to access pertinent information is generally the cause of the rally; it creates a barrier in making political Judgment by leaving out a piece of the puzzle per say. The opinion leadership model of the rally effect (Brody 1991) seems to more accurately account for the rally phenomenon. The factors that seem to effect the size of the rally pertain to how efficiently the dispute is publicized, not the type of the event. The White House increases the size of a rally through eloquent presidential statements, acquiring bipartisan support, and media coverage. The public does not rally in response to a crisis in and of itself, but rather to how the president manages and portrays the events. This suggests that public relations skills of an American president are an progressively more essential instrument for the successful management of public opinion of international conflicts which involve the United States. The political nature of the factors that cause a rally lead me to hypothesize that rallies will be larger in periods of divided government. Divided government occurs when the President and the majority party in Congress have different partisanships. Divided government makes bipartisan cooperation more likely by giving moderates the advantage of greater influence. Divided government creates a credibility dilemma, because the electorate does not know whom to blame or accredit for governmental actions (Mellow and Trubowitz). Presidents are easy targets or capegoats; a divided government makes them less likely to be held accountable for the governments failures because the public has a conceivable alternative for assigning liability to Congress. The majority party in congress has the same incentives as the President to pass the blame. During a divided government there are high levels of opposition party criticism towards the president prior to a crisis (Nicholson). After a major emergency the partisan relationship goes through three stages. The first stage is genuine solidarity; during this stage the legislative branch votes a lot of power to the xecutive. The second stage is ersatz solidarity, when the parties continue the fapde of solidarity (Vermeule). Resulting in open conflict, the initial cooperation and support for the executive causes the public to rally for the president. The reason for this initial support is opposition leaders may avoid criticizing the president because the administration has a virtual monopoly of information about the foreign events and they do not want to appear ill informed or unpatriotic. The Party elites also have a better chance of getting media coverage if they make a statement to support the President. This creates an incentive to agree with the president in order to get publicity, and be able to give opinions on other topics (Howell). Media outlets disproportionably cover opposition party identifiers statements in support of the president because they are less common opinions (Baum, 2002). Non- party presidential praise is extremely persuasive and influential to the public, especially non-party identifiers (Baum and Groeling). The media is a gatekeeper for the information the public receives. When the media covers statements supporting the president the public is influenced. Unlike the President who is always able to get media coverage and publicity about the issues that are interesting to him, members of congress and other party elites have to act strategically to get media coverage. The lack of political opposition and criticism of the presidents policies combined with the media lacking the resources to present opposing interpretations of the crisis creates an environment where the public is largely cut off from the cues it traditionally employs to develop an opinion and form Judgments on political phenomena. Without easily accessible cues presented through the media from those ith whom they identify politically or ideologically, the public is led to assume that there is a consensus among political leaders on the issue and to support the president, even if they would otherwise be inclined to oppose him. Since most Americans know little about foreign affairs they rely on heuristic cues from credible sources. One credible source many Americans rely on is the co- partisan party elites. Support from opposition party members is very influential because the American public trusts their party elites (Baker). Times of divided government are estimated to increase the immediate rally for the president 4. percent (Colaresi). The public also has more trust during divided government because they believe the branches will check each other. Divided government acts to increase the potential political cost of a foreign policy action and thus increases the persuasiveness ofa leaders signal. The public can be more confident that a legislature under opposition control will use its subpoena and oversight power to uncover abuses of power. While it may not be in the presidents partys interest to attack a foreign policy action that was undertaken for private rather than public gain, an opposition party will have no such qualms (Schultz). During divided government the legislature is more likely to hold hearings and investigate presidential decisions under divided government. Between 1954 and 1989 the average number of hearings on defense and international affairs was 25 percent higher under divided government (Martin). The public feels like they are being informed which increases their support. Methods and Data I have combined the rally events used in the articles, Rallying Around the Flag: Foreign Policy events and presidential popularity, Pretty Prudent? Public Responses to U. S. Uses of Force, 1950-1988, and the major uses of force according to American Military History (www. historyguy. com/american_military_history. html) ending with the 2003 invasion of Iraq. I gathered 68 rally events which are composed of 28 wars and military crisis events, 9 peace and reconciliation, 11 summit conferences, 6 policy initiatives, 11 International Setbacks, and four personal events. Then I used News, Norms, Indexing and a Unified Government (http://arts. bev. net/ roper David/politics/congress. htm) to determine if the even occurred during divided or unified government. Lastly, I used public approval ratings from the Gerhard Peters: The American Presidency Project (www. residency. ucsb. edu/data/ popularity. php) to measure the change in presidential approval after the rally event. The data was statistically analyzed. Data Analysis Table 1: Change in Approval Variable Obs. Mean std. Dev. Min Max All Rally Events 4. 91176 6. 986677 -8 Divided Government 5. 026316 7. 937209 Unified Government 4. 266667 5. 662541 14 Table 2: Statistical Significance 1 . oooo Divided Discussion Change †l divided Change in Approval 0. 0544 1. 0000 0. 6596 I found that in general a president can expect to increase public approval ratings by 4. 5 percent following a rally event. This is consistent with previous literature. I did not find evidence to support my hypothesis. There i s little, or no effect that divided government has on the rally phenomenon. The average change in table one for divided government makes it appear that divided government increases that rally by . 75 percent, but the fgures show that these numbers are not actually different, and they are also not statistically significant. When the data was plotted in a box plot it exemplified that there is a slightly greater rally effect during unified government (Figures 1 and 2). These findings were inconsistent with a lot of the previous iterature. This could be due to the fact that I did not only consider military engagements, or other biases formed in the case selection process. One of the reasons attention was focused towards divided governments effect on the rally-around- the-flag phenomenon is because the two largest rallies occurred during divided government. The first was the Gulf War in 1991 under Bush Seniors Administration. Bush experienced an increase of 28 percent. Then the largest rally occurred following September 1 1, 2001, under George W. Bushs administration, he experienced a 34 percent increase in public approval. The rally that followed September 1 lth was fueled by patriotism. Many Americans actually gathered and prayed around the American Flag. This surge in public approval enabled Bush to enact his political agenda, and have ample public support of invading Iraq and waging the War on Terror. Both Bush administrations were immensely aided by the rally. An example ofa military dispute that did not result in a rally was in 1971, under the Nixon Administration, the expansion of military involvement in Laos. This event caused a decrease of seven percent public approval. Another reason that the effect of divided government is hindered is if the egislative branch is divided the accountably dilemma is attributed to partisan affiliation rather than congress blaming the executive. Also divided government inhabits higher levels of presidential public approval (Nicholson et. al. ), and rallies are larger when public approval is low, because the president has more room to improve(Baum 2002). One of the Presidents most influential powers is persuasion. The President has to take advantage of any political tools that will enable him to implement his agenda. The ability to create or inflate the size of a rally can be extremely advantageous to the President.

Communication in Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Communication in Management - Case Study Example In my opinion there are three vital non-verbal categories which if applied properly will fully complete all the functions of the non-verbal communication and will not hinder the verbal one - eye contact, paralanguage and adornment. Modern business culture values eye contact, because it maintains the balance of the interpersonal relation between the seniors and the workers. Looking away might be read as avoiding the importance of the message conveyed. Thus, keeping eye contact with the employees when talking is of crucial importance. Scheflen (1972) explains that paralanguage involves non-lexical vocal communication. Paralanguage uses the broadest emotional nuances, consequently, if applied properly can replace excessive gestures or facial expressions. This category includes inflection, tone, pitch (high, low), pauses (hesitant, organized, meaningful), pacing (rapid, measured, slow) (Scheflen 1972). Paralanguage is a powerful tool, because it plays with associations and on unconscious level. Knapp and Hall (2002) note that adornment - clothes, make-up, accessories are also important communication tools, which besides appearance transmit emotional and psychological signs. Managers need to be extra careful when choosing adornments, because they play a powerfully suggestive action. Moreover, the room where the meetings are held has the capacity to affect the interaction. The amount of light, the color of the walls, the seat arrangement, the temperature and smells have to the correctly applied by the manager who is trying to make his point and his ideas to be understood and followed. 2. Discuss in detail the relationship between emotional intelligence and effective listening. The most common mistake made in management is not listening. Active listening is the other term used to identify undivided attention and empathic attitude. Rock (2007) outlines four basic rules that active listening involves: Seek to understand before you seek to be understood; Be non judgmental; Give your undivided attention to the speaker; Use silence effectively. All these require a high emotional intelligence, because they operate on mental, emotional and subconscious levels. When we try to understand rather than to be understood, this strains our listening abilities. Furthermore, through collecting the information while listening takes place, we process the details first we our intelligence and then exchange it emotionally to see what we have understood. Empathic listening proves that emotional intelligence is necessary to accomplish this. An example of being non judgmental is when we are acquainting with a new person. We avoid addressing arguable issues, until we learn the disposition or judgment criteria of the individual about the problem. This empathic behavior is excellent indicator for the emotional intelligence involved is active listening and communication techniques. The undivided attention is also dependent on the emotional intelligence, because the listener intentionally directs his senses towards the speaker. The listener can al so consciously send messages to the speaker to demonstrate that he is actively listening through body language, applauses or asking questions. The final concept for